The Anti-Corruption Foundation has released an investigation into the real estate owned by the family of Sergei Ivanov, the former head of Russia’s Presidential Administration and former defense minister, whose death was reported this week.

We found that Ivanov’s family owns real estate worth approximately 4.2 billion rubles in total. These assets include a 2,700-square-meter mansion in Zhukovka, on Moscow’s Rublyovka, worth more than 2 billion rubles; a 926-square-meter apartment in Dubai’s W Residences, worth around 480 million rubles; as well as apartments in Moscow and a land plot on the coast in Russia’s Kaliningrad region.

Sergei Ivanov spent 26 years in government service and, according to official records, was never involved in business. His declared annual income was usually around 11–13 million rubles. The real estate found by ACF is worth many times more than the former official’s official income could explain.

Ivanov was one of Vladimir Putin’s closest and most influential allies, dating back to their time in the KGB. For many years, he was considered one of Putin’s most likely successors.